Veterans and Dependants

Identifying numbers, characteristics and needs of veterans and their families is difficult as there is no single reliable source of such data nationally or locally. In the absence of such data, we have provided estimates based on a range of research.

Ex-Service Community Survey Report

Following its first major survey in 2005, The Royal British Legion (TRBL) conducted a comparative study in 2014 to estimate current and projected numbers of veterans and dependants in the UK and identify their health and wellbeing needs (see below). 

• Ex-Service Community Survey Report
  Results of the 2014 RBL household survey of armed forces veterans in the UK. It estimates the size, and identifies the health and wellbeing needs of the ex-service community.

While this is a respected and authoritative piece of research, to merely apply national prevalence figures to the Somerset population requires the assumption that the county is representative of the nation as a whole.

For instance, by applying the national proportions of:-

• Veterans comprising 5.4% of the 16+ population
• Adult dependants comprising 4.0% of the 16% population
• Child (under 16) dependants comprising 8.2% of the under 16 population

   we have an overall estimate of almost 50,000 veterans and dependants in addition to about 3,000 current serving personnel.

However, if we apply the veterans prevalence estimates by each age group, the relatively elderly population of Somerset means that the estimated total is somewhat higher at about 53,500, although the 'sample error' means that the true figure could be much higher, or indeed lower.

Armed Forces Pension and Compensation recipients statistics

Ministry of Defence (MoD) data provides numbers of current armed forces pension and compensation recipients at different geographic levels. It does not show those entitled to deferred pension payments (minimum eligibility criteria is 2 years service). Data is separated into three main datasets:

• Armed Forces Pension Scheme (AFPS). This includes AFPS 75 and AFPS 2005. Benefits are based on the rank and length of service of an individual. All personnel serving between 6 April 1975 and 6 April 2005 will have served under the AFPS 75 scheme. AFPS 05 benefits are based on length of service and final salary and personnel who joined after 6 April 2005 will be serving under the AFPS 05 scheme.
• War Pensions Scheme (WPS) operational from 1914 up to 2005. Provides no-fault compensation for all ex-Service personnel where illness, injury or death is caused by service from the start of the First World War in 1914 up until 5 April 2005. This scheme also covers War Widows, War Orphans, War Parents, Adult and Unmarried Dependants.
• Armed Forces Compensation Scheme (AFCS) post 2005. Includes Reserve Forces, and came into force on 6 April 2005 to pay compensation for injury, illness or death caused by service on or after this date. The scheme can provide compensation for those still in-service as well as those who have left service. 

• Almost half of Pension recipients live in South Somerset, the location of RNAS Yeovilton
• Armed forces pensioners’ locations also available at postal district, although these can overlap with other local authorities. 
• Ex- Forces personnel, in the form of AFPS and WPS members, are more likely to live in the areas where bases are located (eg Yeovil, Ilchester, Taunton areas), although about one in three live in either Mendip, Sedgemoor or West Somerset districts.

Note:

• Individuals may be in receipt of awards from more than one scheme simultaneously.
• Figures do not include veterans who are not entitled to a pension

Annual Population Survey results

In October 2017, the MoD published a report based on data from the Office for National Statistics’ Annual Population Survey in 2016. This provides estimates on the size and socio-demographic characteristics of the UK veteran population living in households in England, Scotland and Wales.

From the results, the number of veterans living in Somerset is estimated to be 49,000. At 6% of the population, this is above the England proportion of 5%.

Nationally, key findings from the report were as follows:

Health

• Both working age veterans and veterans aged 65+ are slightly less likely to say their general health is good or very good compared to the general population (74% vs 78% and 55% vs 59%)
• Working age veterans are more likely to report long term health problems in a number of areas compared to the general population:
• Arms and hands (22% vs 18%)
• Legs or feet (35% vs 27%)
• Back or neck (31% vs 25%)
• Difficulty in hearing (10% vs 7%)
• Veterans aged 65+ are more likely to report some long term health problems compared to the general population:
• Legs or feet (37% vs 34%)
• Difficulty in seeing (11% vs 8%) 
• Difficulty in hearing (23% vs 17%)
• The highest reported long term health condition for working age veterans was with their legs or feet (35%), whereas those aged over 65 are most likely to report a problem with heart, blood, pressure or circulation (53%). For those aged over 65 this was the same as the non-veteran population.

Employment

• 78% of working age veterans are employed, 4% are unemployed, and 19% are inactive.
• Female working age veterans are less likely to be employed than their male contemporaries (72% vs 79%) and more likely to be economically inactive (25% vs 18%) – this is not significantly different to the ratios within the non-veteran population.
• Working age veterans were more likely to work in the ‘public admin and defence’ industry (12%) than employed non-veterans (6%).
• Significant differences in occupations between working age veterans and the general population show that they were less likely to work in 'Professional occupations' (15% vs 21%) and more likely to work as Process, Plant and Machine Operatives (16% vs 10%)

Education

• Veterans are less likely than the general population to hold a degree level qualification (20% vs 30%)
• Veterans were more likely to gain qualifications via a work-related setting than the general population (63% vs 45%)

Housing

• 75% of the veteran population in Great Britain own their house outright or have a mortgage/loan, 24% rent or part rent their property. 

2011 Census: Working Age Armed Forces Veterans statistics

In September 2018, the Office for National Statistics published detailed local data on working age armed forces veterans using responses provided in the 2011 Census.

The figures revealed an estimated 10,389 UK Armed Forces veterans of working age in Somerset, making up 3.2 % of the working age population (nationally, the proportion was 2.0%).

Other findings included:

• 14% of working age veterans in Somerset had a long-term health problem or disability which limited their day-to-day activity.
• Around three-quarters (74%) owned their own property.
• More than four in five (85%) were employed.
• Around one-third (31%) were currently, or had previously worked, in skilled trades or as process, plant and machine operatives.
• One-third (33%) were currently, or had previously worked, in professional, or associate professional and technical occupations.

GP Patients recorded as armed forces veterans

• At December 2015, there were 1,165 patients in Somerset with a GP record relating to service in Armed Forces, of whom 1,163 were veterans and two were reservists.
• 91% were men and 9% women
• Almost one in three were aged 75 or older, but one in five were under the age of 45 (see chart below) 

Source: South West Commissioning Support Unit

Note: clearly not all armed forces veterans have been coded as such on GP records. Therefore it is not known whether the above age profile is an accurate representation of the total veteran community in Somerset.

Veterans Access to Work report

In 2016, Deloitte LLP, in conjunction with the Forces in Mind (FIM) Trust and the Officers’ Association, conducted research into the challenges faced by UK veterans entering employment.

Amongst the main findings were:

• Veterans still struggle to gain a foothold in civilian employment
• There is a persistent lack of understanding of the key skills which veterans possess
• However, organisations which have employed veterans are very positive about the benefits they bring
• Many of the skills veterans possess are in areas where organisations are experiencing gaps
• Most large or medium organisations expressed interest in recruiting veterans in the future but few are affiliated to any organisation or programme providing recruitment or transition support for those leaving the armed forces.

The research involved a combination of:-

• An ONS Longitudinal study of veterans,
• The Annual Population Survey (APS) 2015
• Estimated employment outcomes for ex-service personnel who used the services provided by the Career Transition Partnership (CTP)
• Detailed surveys of employer organisations and HR professionals

The full report can be read on the FIM Trust website.

Further resources

Action research on the presence and needs of the Armed Forces Community in the South West of England report – a report commissioned by councils in the South West of England to enhance understanding of the presence and needs of the local Armed Forces Community (AFC) in the region.

Veterans & Families Research Hub – source of UK and international discussion, literature and research about military veterans and their families, created by Anglia Ruskin University.